Among the rule of law's many virtues is its capacity to provide a framework for deliberating competing ideas of justice, fairness and equality. Yet a value once widely shared is now increasingly contested in both status and meaning. The Centre held this event to explore these and related questions.

The seminar was structured around four core sub-themes. Each of these will begin with a 20-minute presentation followed by a facilitated discussion:

• I:The Nature of Values in Supranational Legal Orders - Nabil H. Khabirpour (Video (YouTube) / Audio)
• II: The Judiciary and the Rule of Law in Europe - Lord Justice Baker (Video (YouTube) / Audio)
• III: The Rule of Law, the Market, and European Identity - Professor Catherine Barnard (Video (YouTube) / Audio)
• IV: Enforcing the Rule of Law as a Value under EU Law - Professor Albertina Albors-Llorens (Video (YouTube) / Audio)

For more information see:

https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/activities-archive

Among the rule of law's many virtues is its capacity to provide a framework for deliberating competing ideas of justice, fairness and equality. Yet a value once widely shared is now increasingly contested in both status and meaning. The Centre held this event to explore these and related questions.

The seminar was structured around four core sub-themes. Each of these will begin with a 20-minute presentation followed by a facilitated discussion:

• I:The Nature of Values in Supranational Legal Orders - Nabil H. Khabirpour (Video (YouTube) / Audio)
• II: The Judiciary and the Rule of Law in Europe - Lord Justice Baker (Video (YouTube) / Audio)
• III: The Rule of Law, the Market, and European Identity - Professor Catherine Barnard (Video (YouTube) / Audio)
• IV: Enforcing the Rule of Law as a Value under EU Law - Professor Albertina Albors-Llorens (Video (YouTube) / Audio)

For more information see:

https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/activities-archive

Among the rule of law's many virtues is its capacity to provide a framework for deliberating competing ideas of justice, fairness and equality. Yet a value once widely shared is now increasingly contested in both status and meaning. The Centre held this event to explore these and related questions.

The seminar was structured around four core sub-themes. Each of these will begin with a 20-minute presentation followed by a facilitated discussion:

• I:The Nature of Values in Supranational Legal Orders - Nabil H. Khabirpour (Video (YouTube) / Audio)
• II: The Judiciary and the Rule of Law in Europe - Lord Justice Baker (Video (YouTube) / Audio)
• III: The Rule of Law, the Market, and European Identity - Professor Catherine Barnard (Video (YouTube) / Audio)
• IV: Enforcing the Rule of Law as a Value under EU Law - Professor Albertina Albors-Llorens (Video (YouTube) / Audio)

For more information see:

https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/activities-archive

Among the rule of law's many virtues is its capacity to provide a framework for deliberating competing ideas of justice, fairness and equality. Yet a value once widely shared is now increasingly contested in both status and meaning. The Centre held this event to explore these and related questions.

The seminar was structured around four core sub-themes. Each of these will begin with a 20-minute presentation followed by a facilitated discussion:

• I:The Nature of Values in Supranational Legal Orders - Nabil H. Khabirpour (Video (YouTube) / Audio)
• II: The Judiciary and the Rule of Law in Europe - Lord Justice Baker (Video (YouTube) / Audio)
• III: The Rule of Law, the Market, and European Identity - Professor Catherine Barnard (Video (YouTube) / Audio)
• IV: Enforcing the Rule of Law as a Value under EU Law - Professor Albertina Albors-Llorens (Video (YouTube) / Audio)

For more information see:

https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/activities-archive

Biography: Niamh Dunne is a professor at the Law School of the London School of Economics, where she teaches and researches in competition law.

Abstract: Is it possible to reconcile the competing visions of what constitutes ‘effective’ abuse of dominance enforcement that emerge from the contemporary jurisprudence of the Commission and the Court of Justice? Article 102 has been a focal point for efforts both to modernise but also to render more effective the application of EU competition law, with different strands of recent case law emphasising the pursuit of market efficiency, the protection of equality of market access, and the prevention of exploitation by dominant undertakings. This presentation will explore the coherence of these developments, and consider whether this question matters in light of the Commission’s stated objective of achieving ‘a robust enforcement’ of Article 102.

For more information see:

https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/weekly-seminar-series

Biography: Morten Rasmussen is Associate Professor at the SAXO Institute, University of Copenhagen and a leading expert on the legal histories of European integration and the League of Nations. He has published numerous articles and book chapters on these topics. The most recent publication is a general history of early period of European Union Law from 1950 to 1993. He is currently co-editing a Cambridge Handbook of the League of Nations and international law.

Abstract: Professor Rasmussen will present on his forthcoming publication 'The History of European Union Law - Constitutional Practice, 1950 to 1993'. The formative period of EU law witnessed an intense struggle over the emergence of a constitutional practice. While the supranational institutions, including the European Commission, the European Court of Justice and the European Parliament, as well as EU law academics helped to develop and promote the constitutional practice, member state governments and judiciaries were generally reluctant to embrace it. The struggle resulted in an uneasy stalemate in which the constitutional practice was allowed to influence the doctrines, shape and functioning of the European legal order that now underpins the EU, but a majority of member state governments rejected European constitutionalism as the legitimating principle of the new EU formed on basis of the Treaty of Maastricht (1992). The lecture traces the struggle and accounts for eventual stalemate over the constitutional practice and the fragile and partial system of rule of law that exists in the EU today.

For more information see:

https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/weekly-seminar-series

Biography: Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen is professor of European law at the University of Bergen, Norway. Besides his Norwegian law degree, he holds the degrees of Mag.Jur. and Dr.Jur. from the University of Göttingen (Germany) as well as a PhD from the University of Bergen. Member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Co-Director of the Bergen Centre of the Europeanization of Norwegian law. Editor-in-chief of the Norwegian Law Journal. Member of the 2022-2024 ‘EEA Review Committee’ that assed Norway’s current affiliation to the European Union.

Abstract: For more than three decades, the Agreement on the European Economic Area (EEA) has integrated Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway into the better part of the EU internal market. Over the years, the Agreement has been supplemented by numerous other agreements between Norway and the EU, creating a complex patchwork of agreements commonly referred to as ‘the Norway model’. Notwithstanding the model’s democratic problems, the general view in Norway is that it has worked well as a compromise between those in favour of membership of the Union and those very much opposed to this idea. However, the EU’s strive for ‘strategic autonomy’ in the current geopolitical situation makes it more complicated to remain part of the internal market without being part of the customs union and the common commercial policy. The seminar will discuss the legal challenges confronting ‘the Norway model’ as well as possible remedies.

For more information see:

https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/weekly-seminar-series

The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) remains one of the most significant instruments of human rights protection in Europe. Yet in the United Kingdom, its place in the constitutional order is increasingly contested. Political debate has raised questions about the appropriateness of the ECHR's reach, its domestic incorporation through the Human Rights Act 1998, and the proper balance between parliamentary sovereignty and Strasbourg supervision.

The aim of this roundtable was to bring together Cambridge academics to consider possible trajectories for reform and the mechanisms to achieve this. The discussion provided a space not only for doctrinal and legal analysis but also for assessing political realities and potential path. The roundtable started from the perspective that there is a perception, very strong in some quarters, that the ECHR is not fit for purpose.

Chair: Catherine Barnard

1. Nabil Khabirpour
2. Jan Klabbers
3. Marcus Gehring

Chair: Sandesh Sivakumaran

1. Darren Peterson
2. Stevie Martin

For further information:

CELS: https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/

CPL: https://www.cpl.law.cam.ac.uk/

LCIL: https://www.lcil.cam.ac.uk/

Chair: Professor Catherine Barnard, University of Cambridge 

Discussants: 

• Professor Markus Gehring, University of Cambridge
• Dr Emilija Leinarte, University of Cambridge
• Professor Daniel Sarmiento, Universidad Complutense, Madrid
• Dr Martin Steinfeld, University of Cambridge 
• Professor Takis Tridimas, Luxembourg Centre for European Law (LCEL) 

For more information see:

https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/weekly-seminar-series

Abstract: The seminar, building upon Professor Gallo’s book, Direct Effect in EU Law (EU Law Library Series, OUP, 2025), will explore the uneasy trajectories of a transformative doctrine such as direct effect. By reassessing both the present and future of this legal and political construct, it will argue that such chameleon-like principle has evolved into a broader legal category than it was at the outset of the European integration process and that this development has been only partially captured by the CJEU. In doing so, Professor Gallo will revisit the no horizontal direct effect rule of contemporary directives and argue for its overcoming in light of the text, scope, and objectives of legal acts that are substantially different from those envisaged by Article 288 TFEU.

For more information see:

https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/weekly-seminar-series

Abstract: EU anti-discrimination law has been a subject of choice for critiques from various disciplines. One influential motif that has durably structured the critical analysis of EU anti-discrimination law is the distinction between formal and substantive equality. Substantive approaches seek to diagnose and remedy the disjunctions between formal equality frameworks and social realities. Yet, such critiques often remain implicit in their engagement with social theory, leaving the very notion and construction of ’social realities’ largely unexamined. This paper thus asks: How does the principle of non-discrimination mediate and produce specific forms of individual subjectivity, interpersonal relationships, institutional arrangements, material and spatial organisation and ultimately social order? How does it authorise the existence of certain subjects and groups while excluding and rendering others invisible? What 'forms of life' does EU anti-discrimination and its jurisprudential construction by the Court enable or preclude?

For more information see:

https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/weekly-seminar-series

Abstract: In this seminar Dr Ghosh will address what, post-Lipton are the rules for REUL/AL; examples of UK Court decisions which should but do not apply REUL/AL and will provide a useful template for future litigation.

For more information see:

https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/weekly-seminar-series

For more information see: https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/activities-archive

Abstract: The debate about the future of the European Union has long left academic circles, arrived in the midst of society and been awarded political attention. Meanwhile, there has been an increase of Euroscepticism accompanied by more nationalist political developments echoed in the swings to the right all across the EU. These developments may, arguably at least in parts, be explained by social resentments of the peoples of Europe. While acknowledging that law constructs and contributes to a social reality of its own it is thus, arguably also about the lack of a genuine socio-economic equilibrium within the law and political system of the EU. This imbalance is not only found within the EU legal constitutional framework, but also within the case-law of the European Court of Justice. However, possible solutions to solve this socio-economic imbalance are limited: It is either (i) Treaty reform or, alternatively, (ii) a change in the approach of the Court in its jurisprudence. While these alternatives are both valid and, to some extent, mutually exclusive, they unveil and epitomise different visions as regards the future of the European Union. However, while acknowledging the differences in the approach, they are arguably different means to serve the very same end: Warrant the European Union’s future success.

For more information see:

https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/weekly-seminar-series

Abstract: The EU ‘digital empire’ seeks to align technological development to its rights and values by adopting and promoting a rights-driven model of technological regulation. Bradford’s influential characterisation of EU digital strategy is credible when one maps the array of legal ‘Acts’ applicable to data, digital markets, digital services and AI adopted by the EU in recent years, all of which are without prejudice to the EU data protection law. Yet, when one delves deeper, the EU’s commitment to rights-based regulation of the digital sphere is not iron-clad. Rather, as we demonstrate through an empirical analysis of the European Commission’s adequacy decisions over a quarter of a century (1999-2024), there are clear divergences amongst EU institutions about the balance to be struck between fundamental rights and economic interests. Such divergence suggest the EU might more accurately be characterised as an amalgamation of fiefdoms rather than an empire. This inter-institutional dynamic is relevant to the legitimacy of EU actions in the digital sphere and may foreshadow the future direction of EU data law.

For more information see:

https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/weekly-seminar-series

Abstract: Is EU antitrust law resilient in the face of change? This question has acquired prominence amidst the many crises and disruptions of recent times, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change and digitalisation. Attempts to answer it though have been rather narrow in scope and tend to employ the language of resilience casually. This article contributes to knowledge (a) by developing a conceptual framework for understanding and assessing legal resilience in administrative enforcement systems and (b) by applying it to Articles 101 and 102 TFEU with a view to investigating its ability to respond to change in a systematic manner. The analysis reveals that the current regime exhibits several design features that enable decisionmakers to make resilience choices as needed, and the resilience choices that have been made on various occasions are prima facie justifiable given the nature of the problem the European Commission and/or the EU Courts were faced with. However, certain aspects of the existing legal framework may weaken or limit EU antitrust law’s ability to deal with certain problems, in particular (very) complex ones, whereas some of the resilience choices that have been made have had implications for legal certainty, coherence and legitimacy that may not have been sufficiently appreciated so far. The article highlights the added value of a legal resilience perspective for effectively using EU antitrust law as a tool for tackling problems in an ever-changing world and demonstrates that, albeit not a panacea, such a perspective may reinforce the quality of enforcement and public’s trust in it.

3CL runs the 3CL Travers Smith Lunchtime Seminar Series, featuring leading academics from the Faculty, and high-profile practitioners: https://www.3cl.law.cam.ac.uk/centre-activities

For more information about CELS see: https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/weekly-seminar-series

Abstract: What do we mean when we talk about the "horizontal direct effect" of the free movement provisions? You would think that, after decades of case law on the free movement provisions, the meaning of this concept should be relatively clear and crystallised. However, there is still a significant amount of disagreement about the very meaning of the concept of "horizontal direct effect". While some EU lawyers speak of horizontal direct effect when the free movement provisions are applied in a dispute between private parties (a procedural approach), other EU lawyers will only refer to horizontal direct effect when the rule or conduct that is being challenged is of a private nature (a substantive approach). This paper will analyse these different interpretations of the concept of horizontal direct effect through the lens of the "Familiapress dilemma". It will be argued that a distinction should be made between horizontal direct effect cases (in which private rules or actions are challenged in a dispute between private parties) and horizontal enforcement cases (in which State rules or actions are challenged in a dispute between private parties). The problem with a procedural approach to horizontal direct effect is that no connection is made between direct effect and the question of who is held responsible (and liable) for breaches of the free movement provisions. This makes it more difficult to provide effective judicial protection to victims of breaches of free movement law, because it is unclear who should ultimately "pay the bill". Against this background, it will be argued that the CJEU should develop more explicit techniques or "formulas" to allocate responsibility in free movement cases. In parallel, the CJEU should improve the effectiveness of the remedies of State liability and private liability for breaches of the free movement provisions.

For more information see:

https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/weekly-seminar-series

Abstract: On 18 September 2023 the Group of 12 Experts from both France and Germany released their proposal ‘Sailing on High Seas: Reforming and Enlarging the EU for the 21st Century’. The Group make two proposals on the Rule of Law and five further proposals for institutional reform. Overall, the Group had three objectives to increase the EU’s capacity to act, to get the institutions ready for enlargement and strengthen democratic legitimacy and rule of law. This resulted in a series of proposals for inter alia treaty change. The proposals are all on a continuum but largely aim for reform rather than a recreation of the European Union. They align with other reform proposals and at times take up proposals that were made for EU reform in the past or indeed discussed during the EU Constitutional convention process in the early 2000s. The objective here was clearly reformation rather than revolution. This conversation discusses some of the individual reform proposals in the context of the practice of the Court of Justice – could these proposal mean the beginning of 'Europe’s Second Constitution'?

For more information see:

https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/weekly-seminar-series

Abstract: As an AG Professor Sharpston worked on religious discrimination and employment matters, delivering an opinion in one of the first two hijab cases (Bougnaoui) and then the ‘shadow opinion’ in Wabe and Müller, which she posted via Professor Steve Peers’ EU law blog after leaving the Court. She has already compared Achbita and Bougnaoui to the decisions in Egenberger and the Caritas hospital case (IR v JQ) in her festschrift contribution for Allan Rosas. Unsurprisingly, she has been keeping an eye open for further developments in that case law (WABE and Müller, S.C.R.L (Religious clothing) and, most recently, Commune d’Ans (Grand Chamber, 28 November 2023). Additionally, she has also been looking at what the Court has been saying in relation to ritual slaughter of animals (as required for meat-eating observant Jews and Muslims). Notable cases include Liga van Moskeeën, Oeuvre d’assistance aux bêtes d’abattoirs (OABA) and Centraal Israëlitisch Constistorie. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights also addresses these issues: Eweida v UK on religious symbols in the workplace, and the very recent decision (13 February 2024) in Executief van de Moslims van België and Others v Belgium on banning ritual slaughter of animals without prior stunning. The cases are constitutionally important in terms of the deference shown to Member States; and in some respects, they are troubling for anyone who is religious and non-Christian.

Discussion chaired by Dr Markus W. Gehring, Associate Professor, Faculty of Law and Member of CELS.

For more information see:

https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/weekly-seminar-series

Biography: José Manuel Durão Barroso served twelve years in the Government of Portugal including as Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Minister. He was President of the European Commission during two mandates (2004/2014).

His academic appointments include visiting professor at Georgetown University and visiting professor at Princeton University. He is currently a visiting professor at the Catholic University of Portugal and at the European University Institute, School of Transnational Governance, Florence. José Manuel Barroso studied Law (University of Lisbon) Political Science and International Affairs (University of Geneva).

He is currently Chair of the Board of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, and Chairman of International Advisors, Goldman Sachs.

For more information see:

https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/weekly-seminar-series

Abstract: The CJEU is a court that speaks through a single judgment, and that ‘dialogues’ with its Advocates General without ever saying quite what that dialogue means. What is the reader to make of the interplay between the individual opinion of the advocate general and the collective decision of the judges? The final seminar in the series asks some questions, suggests some partial answers, and invites reflection on whether the current arrangements should ‘evolve’ (and, if so, in what direction).

For more information see: https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/weekly-seminar-series

Abstract: The UK and EU relationship has not been straight forward since Brexit but since Rishi Sunak became Prime Minister a certain amount of pragmatism has prevailed. Meanwhile, the European Union is facing significant geo-political challenges – not least the war in Ukraine and the Israel-Palestine conflict. Does it have capacity to think about these broader issues? The Ukraine conflict has led to much deeper thinking about enlargement of the EU, not just for Ukraine but also the Baltic states. The question of Europe of concentric circles has been raised again. What might a Europe of concentric circles mean for the accession and neighbourhood countries? What else can be done to improver relations with our closest trading partner?

For more information see: https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/weekly-seminar-series

Abstract: A common complaint of common lawyers is that the way in which CJEU judgments are written is abstract and obscure. The criticism is levelled most notably at judgments that reply to requests for a preliminary ruling from national courts. Once you understand about language and the Court, there are a lot of hidden clues, if you only know where to look for them. This second seminar is designed to help you squeeze the maximum information out of the text, and alert you to what those formulae you’re reading really mean.

For more information see: https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/weekly-seminar-series

Abstract: The CJEU is unique in having 24 equally valid languages of procedure, plus an informal and unofficial working language (French) which is not necessarily spoken by as great a percentage of staff members in 2023 as it was when the Court was first set up by the original six founding Member States. What does running a 24-language court mean in theory and in practice? How does the diversity of language – and indeed of legal tradition (in the sense of how legal argument is presented) – impact upon the way the CJEU functions, how it handles its caseload, and how it writes its judgments?

For more information see: https://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/weekly-seminar-series

Programme:

• Albertina Albors-Llorens: Welcome and Introduction
• Bill Cornish: Gearing up for a CELS
• Alan Dashwood: CELS at the end of the European Communities's Golden Age
• John Bell: The Changing Character of Comparative Law
• John Spencer: Europe and Criminal Justice
• Catherine Barnard: Cloudy with a Chance of Albondigas (not recorded)
• Kenneth Armstrong: Brexit and the Autonomy of EU Law: Causes and Consequences
• Richard Fentiman: Concluding Remarks

Programme:

• Albertina Albors-Llorens: Welcome and Introduction
• Bill Cornish: Gearing up for a CELS
• Alan Dashwood: CELS at the end of the European Communities's Golden Age
• John Bell: The Changing Character of Comparative Law
• John Spencer: Europe and Criminal Justice
• Catherine Barnard: Cloudy with a Chance of Albondigas (not recorded)
• Kenneth Armstrong: Brexit and the Autonomy of EU Law: Causes and Consequences
• Richard Fentiman: Concluding Remarks

Programme:

• Albertina Albors-Llorens: Welcome and Introduction
• Bill Cornish: Gearing up for a CELS
• Alan Dashwood: CELS at the end of the European Communities's Golden Age
• John Bell: The Changing Character of Comparative Law
• John Spencer: Europe and Criminal Justice
• Catherine Barnard: Cloudy with a Chance of Albondigas (not recorded)
• Kenneth Armstrong: Brexit and the Autonomy of EU Law: Causes and Consequences
• Richard Fentiman: Concluding Remarks

Programme:

• Albertina Albors-Llorens: Welcome and Introduction
• Bill Cornish: Gearing up for a CELS
• Alan Dashwood: CELS at the end of the European Communities's Golden Age
• John Bell: The Changing Character of Comparative Law
• John Spencer: Europe and Criminal Justice
• Catherine Barnard: Cloudy with a Chance of Albondigas (not recorded)
• Kenneth Armstrong: Brexit and the Autonomy of EU Law: Causes and Consequences
• Richard Fentiman: Concluding Remarks

Programme:

• Albertina Albors-Llorens: Welcome and Introduction
• Bill Cornish: Gearing up for a CELS
• Alan Dashwood: CELS at the end of the European Communities's Golden Age
• John Bell: The Changing Character of Comparative Law
• John Spencer: Europe and Criminal Justice
• Catherine Barnard: Cloudy with a Chance of Albondigas (not recorded)
• Kenneth Armstrong: Brexit and the Autonomy of EU Law: Causes and Consequences
• Richard Fentiman: Concluding Remarks

Programme:

• Albertina Albors-Llorens: Welcome and Introduction
• Bill Cornish: Gearing up for a CELS
• Alan Dashwood: CELS at the end of the European Communities's Golden Age
• John Bell: The Changing Character of Comparative Law
• John Spencer: Europe and Criminal Justice
• Catherine Barnard: Cloudy with a Chance of Albondigas (not recorded)
• Kenneth Armstrong: Brexit and the Autonomy of EU Law: Causes and Consequences
• Richard Fentiman: Concluding Remarks

Programme:

• Albertina Albors-Llorens: Welcome and Introduction
• Bill Cornish: Gearing up for a CELS
• Alan Dashwood: CELS at the end of the European Communities's Golden Age
• John Bell: The Changing Character of Comparative Law
• John Spencer: Europe and Criminal Justice
• Catherine Barnard: Cloudy with a Chance of Albondigas (not recorded)
• Kenneth Armstrong: Brexit and the Autonomy of EU Law: Causes and Consequences
• Richard Fentiman: Concluding Remarks

This interview features Professor Kenneth Armstrong, Professor of European Law and Director of the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). On 15th June the Vote Leave campaign published a 'roadmap' on the steps that it believes would need to be taken following a referendum vote to leave the European Union. Professor Armstrong published a working paper featuring an analysis of the document (available at http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/publications/working-and-policy-papers), and in this video presents his conclusions.

This series has been created by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). For more information visit http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/

In this interview, Professor David Feldman describes the structure of law dictating fundamental rights in the UK, at international, supranational and domestic levels, and how they interrelate. He considers how human rights protections might be affected by the EU referendum, and discusses upcoming changes proposed by the government.

This series has been created by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). For more information visit http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/

This interview features Dr Geoffrey Edwards, Senior Fellow in the Department of Politics and International Studies (POLIS) and Emeritus Reader in European Studies. Dr Edwards weighs the founding principles of the EU in relation to defence and security, assesses accusations of an intention to form an EU army, and considers the possible impact of the referendum on security issues.

This series has been created by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). For more information visit http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/

This interview features Dr David Erdos, University Lecturer in Law and the Open Society, considering what impact the EU has had in the field of data protection, and how the law governing the storage and use of personal data might be affected by the outcome of the referendum on 23rd June.

This series has been created by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). For more information visit http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/

This interview features Professor Catherine Barnard, Professor of European Union Law, who examines the vexed issue of the deportation of EU nationals who are either known criminals, or who commit crimes while in the UK.

This series has been created by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). For more information visit http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/

This interview features Dr Okeoghene Odudu, Herchel Smith University Senior Lecturer and member of the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). Dr Odudu explains the importance of EU competition regulation and the protections available for consumers, and the potential impact of the referendum on 23rd June.

This series has been created by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). For more information visit http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/

This interview features Dr Jennifer Davis, member of the Centre for Intellectual Property and Information Law (CIPIL), considering the progress made by the EU in the field of intellectual property law, and what the impact of a withdrawal might mean for the protection of rights in the UK.

This series has been created by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). For more information visit http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/

This interview features Professor Catherine Barnard, Professor of European Union Law, sharing her experiences of researching the reasons why EU migrants move to the UK, and the extent to which the benefits available factor into that decision. She then considers the effects of the concessions won by David Cameron should the UK vote to remain on 23rd June.

This series has been created by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). For more information visit http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/

This interview features Professor David Feldman, Rouse Ball Professor of English Law. Professor Feldman discusses the unique nature of the EU referendum, and the potential consequences to the democratic process of Government in the UK depending on the outcome of the vote on 23rd June.

This series has been created by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). For more information visit http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/

This recording features Dr Julie Smith, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Politics and International Studies (POLIS) and member of the House of Lords. Dr Smith shares her perspective on the political structure and institutions of the EU, weighs up the concept of democratic deficiency, and considers the possible impact of the referendum.

This series has been created by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). For more information visit http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/

This interview features Professor John Spencer, Emeritus Professor of Criminal Law and President of the European Criminal Law Association (ECLA(UK)), considering what the impact of Britain's membership of the EU has been on criminal law. He further discusses what each outcome of the vote might mean for the UK's ability to implement new laws, and enforce justice both inside and outside the UK.

This series has been created by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). For more information visit http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/

This interview features Dr Markus Gehring, University Lecturer in Sustainable Development in European and International Law, considering what the impact of Britain's membership of the EU has been on environmental and sustainable development law. He further discusses what each outcome of the vote might mean for the UK.

This series has been created by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). For more information visit http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/

This interview features Professor Morten Broberg, Professor of International Development Law at the University of Copenhagen and visitor at the LCIL, who considers the Danish perspective on the referendum. Reflecting on his experiences as a Danish civil servant, Professor Broberg describes the UK's position in EU negotiations, and how it might be affected by the decision made on 23rd June.

This series has been created by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). For more information visit http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/

This recording features Professor Kenneth Armstrong, Professor of European Law and Director of the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS), considering how the legal mechanism governing Britain's exit from the EU might function in the event of a 'leave' vote in the referendum on 23rd June, and what the impact might be on Britain, and the other EU countries.

This series has been created by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). For more information visit http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/

This recording features Professor Kenneth Armstrong, Professor of European Law and Director of the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS), considering what influence the UK currently exerts in the operation of the European Union, and how that position might change in the light of the referendum on 23rd June.

This series has been created by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). For more information visit http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/

This recording features Professor Catherine Barnard, Professor of European Union Law, who considers how Britain's membership of the EU has impacted the protection of workers, and any legislation governing such protection might change depending on the outcome of the referendum on 23rd June.

This series has been created by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). For more information visit http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/

This interview features Professor Catherine Barnard, Professor of European Union Law, considering what the impact of Britain's membership of the EU has been on the ability of workers to seek work in other countries, and for workers to seek work in the UK. She further discusses what each outcome of the vote might mean for employees in the UK.

This series has been created by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). For more information visit http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/

This interview features Professor Kenneth Armstrong, Professor of European Law and Director of the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS), considering what the impact of Britain's membership of the EU has been on free trade. He further discusses what each outcome of the vote might mean for the the UK's trading relationships with the EU and other countries.

This series has been created by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS). For more information visit http://www.cels.law.cam.ac.uk/