Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most used endodontic irrigant due to its antimicrobial and organic tissue-dissolving properties. However, NaOCl solutions are unstable; exposure to light, heat, air, metals, and organic substances can reduce the available chlorine concentration with concomitant loss of antimicrobial and tissue-dissolving properties. NaOCl delivery mode during endodontic treatment plays a role in its efficacy in reaching the intricate anatomy of the root canal system. This study sought to investigate the practice patterns of Malaysian dental practitioners concerning the type, storage, dilution, and delivery of NaOCl in their clinical settings. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Malaysian dental practitioners via the online platform. Ninety-seven respondents were recruited, which comprised 88.7% of general dental practitioners and 11.3% of dental specialists. The most common type of NaOCl used is domestic bleach, with the majority using concentrations of 3.5%–6%. Most dental practitioners store domestic bleach in a cupboard and use it diluted. If it is diluted, a majority of the NaOCl is diluted every time before each treatment. The closed-ended side-vented needle is the most common needle used for endodontic irrigation, and it is 30G in size. Manual activation is used to irrigate the canal. The majority of dental practitioners practise proper NaOCl handling to preserve its antimicrobial properties.

Dimensionality reduction is a critical component in the analysis of medical data, specifically when addressing challenges like multicollinearity, noise, and high-dimensional feature spaces that can decrease classification performance. While principal component analysis (PCA) is a traditional choice, its utility in medical datasets is often hindered by outliers, corrupted observations, and low interpretability, as principal components are linear combinations of all original variables. This research compares PCA, robust PCA (RPCA), and sparse PCA (SPCA) integrated with random forest (RF) and extremely randomized trees (ERT). A simulation study revealed that while all PCA variants struggle with low class separation, RPCA and SPCA significantly outperform standard PCA in the presence of outliers. This study utilized a diabetes dataset that underwent thorough preprocessing, including median imputation, normalization, and the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) to address class imbalance. Model optimization involved cross-validation of the RPCA regularization parameter and the SPCA sparsity parameter based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). At the same time, RF and ERT hyperparameters were optimized using a two-stage random and grid search approach. Final empirical results demonstrate that the RPCA-ERT model is superior, achieving an accuracy of 0.8954 and a sensitivity of 0.9434, underscoring its effectiveness in managing contaminated medical data.

Buku ini membincangkan kedudukan wali dalam perkahwinan, hukum perwalian dalam sesebuah perkahwinan, tertib wali menurut fuqaha dan tertib wali berdasarkan undang-undang keluarga Islam di Malaysia.

Menariknya, buku ini memuatkan kes-kes yang berkaitan dengan langkau wali yang berlaku di Malaysia. Buku ini amat sesuai dan boleh dijadikan sebagai sumber rujukan yang penting kepada pengamal undang-undang syariah, ahli akademik dan pelajar  undang-undang.

Dengan penerangan yang mudah difahami, buku ini juga sesuai dibaca dan dijadikan rujukan oleh orang awam bagi meningkatkan kefahaman berkaitan hukum perwalian dalam  undang-undang keluarga Islam di Malaysia.

Selain itu, buku ini mengetengahkan tujuh jenis maqamat dalam seni taranum al-Quran iaitu: Bayati, Soba, Nahawand, Rast, Sikah, Hijaz dan Jiharkah.  

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol11no1.430

The authors believe in the importance of ensuring that business entities move beyond merely profit-making entities to being a responsible organ of society that respects human rights of stakeholders within its sphere of influence. Humanising business through corporate contribution to social responsibility is key to achieving sustainable development and realising the national vision of shared prosperity. This book proposes the use of soft law as a mechanism to help business entities enhance their awareness, understanding and compliance with human rights principles within their business operations. This book believes that the incorporation of human rights standards through a strategic system may help business entities transform their business operations into a more sustainable and socially responsible manner. It is the authors’ hope that this humble book will add some value to the existing literature thereby enhancing people’s understanding of the issues highlighted.

Buku Rahsia di Sebalik Ilmu Fizik adalah satu usaha kecil bagi membawa pembaca menyaksikan kehebatan, kekuasaan dan keilmuan Allah SWT dalam mencipta sesuatu dari sekecil-kecil hinggalah sebesar-besar kejadian dengan penulisan yang telah dipermudahkan dari kaca mata ilmu fizik. Kejadian yang dirasai dan dinikmati sepatutnya diambil peluang untuk berfikir betapa hebat dan halusnya seni ciptaan-Nya sehinggakan tiada lagi manusia yang mampu mencipta sepertinya. Pembaca juga dibekalkan dengan sedikit asas ilmu fizik yang boleh digunakan untuk memproses kejadian dan menghayati ciptaan Allah SWT sehingga akhirnya dapat menimbulkan rasa penyaksian kepada Allah SWT.

Boleh dapatkan buku ini di Penerbit USIM melalui pautan berikut:

http://mybookstore.usim.edu.my/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=683

Theoretically, western sociologists discussed the topic involving khamr drinking in the context of social deviance related to addiction and the causes of drinking that harm others, such as accident driving, violence, and crime. The interpretation of deviance is up to the norm of certain groups in society’s culture because the discussion of the social system is limited to the interaction between humans and humans only. However, social deviance from the Islamic viewpoint is totally different because it is discussed based on the Islamic social system that involves the element of tauḥīd (interaction between humans with God, whose name is Allah). In Islam, drinking is considered deviant not by society but by Allah as the source of Muslims’ norms. Fundamentally, the studies on khamr, from the Islamic studies, are on fiqh discussion. This article offers a sociological view of khamr drinking by having the fiqh of khamr as a framework to guide the perspective. Therefore, this research will provide other researchers with another viewpoint of deviance on khamr drinking.

This article analyses Imam al-Ghazali’s theory of the balance observance of ibadah (devotional acts or good deeds) among Muslims. Performing ‘ibadah, is part and parcel of the Muslims’ life. Nevertheless, the majority of Muslims—scholars and the public alike—place great emphasis only on the diligent outward performance of devotional acts, and on the observance of the outward requirements. However, Imam al-Ghazali goes beyond this normative practice, arguing that a mere outward observance of devotional acts is still insufficient, and indeed is still at risk. This article is theoretical in nature, and it involves bibliographic research, employing descriptive and analytic methods. The article founds that Imam al-Ghazali maintains devotional acts consist of outward and inward dimensions, and both need to be observed simultaneously and kept in balance. It is only through this balance observance that devotional acts will be transformed from mere physical motions of pure ritualistic observance to spiritually rich deeds, filled with real understanding, wisdom, and realisation.

These articles explore interpersonal communication in the tourism industry. As the industry faced changes post-pandemic, there is a great reason for the industry to refine people inside the industry, especially the frontliners. Since the frontliners are the first people met and greeted by the tourist, the responsibilities of these groups of industrial players are indeed higher than others. Pieces of the literature suggest that tourism service providers must have expressive communication skills to give a superior product and create a pleasant experience for tourists. Hence, tourism frontliners are expected to be able to express effective interpersonal communication skills both internal and external communication. Interpersonal communication skills in dealing with people are one of the major demands in the industry nowadays. This has created a skills gap in the hospitality industry, which must be addressed if businesses are to remain competitive. It is suggested that the staff in tourism and hospitality should be carefully recruited and should undergo continual training because their communication skills are a significant indicator of their ability to foster favorable interactions with clients. Therefore, this conceptual paper aims to suggest an Islamic approach to improve current tourism frontliners interpersonal communications through Islamic-based communications. The need for interpersonal communication skills in the tourism industry is also highlighted in this article. An integrated model of tourism interpersonal communication with Islamic-based communication was proposed at the end of the article. It is hoped that this conceptual paper will be a stepping stone for research in tourism communication from an Islamic view.

Today, social media are frequently associated with the propagation of defamation, which is believed to impact society negatively. Most of this fake news originates via Whatsapp, Twitter, and Telegram applications, indicating that this social media facility that facilitates the transmission of fake news continues to exist.This study aims to explore and understand the style of news writing in preventing fake news on digital media platform devoted to news literacy from the perspective of a media practitioner. The debate will focus mostly about fake news and the appropriate journalistic methodology for reporting on digital news sites. Identifying the factors that influence the evolution of the style of journalism on digital media is a further crucial endeavour. The objectives of the study were achieved through the use of semi-structured qualitative interviews. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten media professionals until the data set was saturated. According to the findings of the study, data journalism is the news writings styles that can aid in the prevention of “fake news” in digital media. In addition, research demonstrates that data journalism is characterised by data capture, graphics, and visualisation. This study seeks to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by demonstrating how the expansion of journalistic style on online news websites has made new journalistic practises relevant.

Islamic tourism highlights the growing importance of what for many may be an untapped and unknown market. With one billion followers across 57 countries, Islam’s role in tourism is important to tourism and hospitality managers in both Muslim and non-Muslim countries. Consequently, government policies, strategies and programs have laid undue emphasis on the growth of ‘Halal-Hotel’; a total Islamic accommodation standard that prescribes by Islamic rules. Halal is fast gaining worldwide recognition and this is not merely because the Muslim Ummah is growing in number, but more significantly, because halal is being recognized as a new benchmark for safety and quality assurance. Unfortunately, there are ambiguities pertaining the criteria for ‘halal hotel’ in the hotel sector because the lack of consensus among stakeholders within the Muslim-friendly tourism and hospitality (MFT) sector in Malaysia. Furthermore, The translation of Arabic-Islamic terminology into Malay language may offer its advantages as well as challenges to all relevant tourism stakeholders within the Muslim-friendly tourism and hospitality (MFT) sector in Malaysia. In terminology translation, equivalents in the target language are usually preferred to be as concise as possible and able to maintain existing morphological and semantic relationship between the translated terms and other morphologically and semantically related source language terms. Moreover, researchers and hotel operators have struggled to arrive to an agreement as to what is the most appropriate term or concept that could best and comprehensively describe a hotel that operates according to the Islamic rules and regulations. Therefore, this research aims to identify the dimensionality of ‘halal hotel’ concepts and to explore the suitability of adopting the ‘halal hotel’ as the term to be use among the Muslim-friendly tourism and hospitality (MFT) sector in Malaysia. A qualitative research method is chosen to conduct this research, and the samples are from the stakeholders which consist of Islamic scholars, hotel operator and the hotel’s guest.

Dalam al-Quran, Allah menyifatkan Rasulullah sebagai rahmatan lil alamin (rahmat buat sekalian alam), satu istilah yang kemudiannya diperbahaskan dan dikembangkan menjadi salah satu konsep dalam hubungan kemanusiaan serta interaksi sosial. Pun begitu, konsep rahmatan lil alamin ini telah melalui pelbagai proses penafsiran dan perkembangan makna. Kepelbagaian fahaman dan penafsiran berhubung konsep rahmah ini terus menjadi perbahasan sehingga hari ini. Di Malaysia, kempen memperkenalkan Islam sebagai agama rahmah telah dimulakan. Konsep ini dijadikan sebagai asas dalam membangun teras serta mencorak polisi urustadbir yang berasaskan al-Quran.  Keadaan Malaysia yang unik sebagai sebuah negara berbilang bangsa adalah konteks yang menarik untuk dibincangkan. Kajian ini meneroka hadith-hadith yang mempunyai hubungan dengan konsep rahmatan lil alamin, mengamati pemahaman sarjana Muslim terhadapnya serta menilai pengamalan konsep ini di Malaysia. Melalui analisis tekstual yang dijalankan, kajian mendapati bahawa sifat belas-kasih dan ketegasan Rasulullah adalah elemen yang tidak boleh dipisahkan dalam memelihara dan memartabatkan Islam. Dua elemen tersebut adalah prinsip utama yang perlu diterapkan dalam pembangunan kerangka serta perlaksanaan konsep rahmatan lil alamin di Malaysia.

Zakat adalah satu instrumen yang sangat penting dalam pembangunan sosio ekonomi umat Islam, lantaran peranannya dalam pembangunan dan penjagaan kebajikan golongan yang kurang berkemampuan, dan pengagihan lebihan harta oleh golongan kaya. Zakat juga berfungsi sebagai pembersih hati dari sifat tamak, kedekut dan cintakan dunia secara berlebihan. Antara aspek penting zakat ialah soal kutipan yang mana Islam telah menggariskan golongan tertentu yang dikenakan zakat dan jenis-jenis harta yang dikenakan zakat. Aspek ini sangat penting diperkasakan kerana keperluan para asnaf yang semakin meningkat, kehidupan manusia yang semakin berkembang, perkembangan sistem ekonomi yang semakin kompleks menyebabkan metod dan jumlah kutipan zakat sedia ada sudah tidak lagi dapat menampung jumlah keperluan sedia ada, dan ianya memerlukan anjakan paradigm yang baru, baik dari segi cara pengiraan, jenis-jenis aset, cakupan jenis-jenis golongan pembayar dan sebagainya. Kajian adalah kajian perpustakaan sepenuhnya iaitu dengan menganalisis pendapat-pendapat para ulama silam dan ulama semasa, dan disesuaikan dengan maklumat perkembangan terkini berkaitan pembayaran zakat. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa antara pendekatan dan kaedah yang boleh digunakan dalam meningkatkan hasil zakat antaranya ialah dengan menggunakan konsep pengiraan zakat secara khultah atau kolektif, pembayaran zakat menggunakan barang jualan sendiri, dan pembayaran zakat ke atas instrumen jangka panjang.

Malaysia possesses all the characteristics that make it an ideal Islamic tourism destination and adequately cater to the demands of Muslim tourists with an abundance of halal cuisine, prayer facilities, and Islamic attractions from places to festivals. With advantages including an extensive and well-developed halal network, good infrastructure, consistent economic growth rate, government-backed business incentives as well as political and economic stability, Malaysia is an ideal Muslim-friendly destination that also appeals to non-Muslims. Unfortunately, an epidemic outbreak emerged in December 2019 from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which sparked the COVID-19 virus to significantly impact the world including Malaysia and paralyzed the tourism sector. Thus, this study aims to analyse the impacts of the pandemic on Islamic tourism in Malaysia and refine Malaysia's recovery plan towards this outbreak. This study is qualitative research by using documents analysis to achieve the objectives. The finding indicates the impact of COVID-19 can be monitored from two factors, first is based on statistical numbers of tourists entering Malaysia from arrival and expenditure before and after Malaysia closed the border, and second, the declining number of growth projections from the tourism sector that was affected from this pandemic. Hence, a recovery plan under the Ministry of Tourism and Culture (MOTAC) and Standard Operational Procedures from Malaysia National Security Council (MKN), has been established to overcome the impacts and fresh start for Islamic Tourism in Malaysia.

Purpose: To describe a case of a surgical instrument’s tip fracture during cataract surgery. Method: Case report. Results: We report a case of a 60-year-old gentleman who underwent phacoemulsification of the left eye. It was noted that the tip of the second instrument (lens chopper) was fractured during the last quadrant removal of the opacified lens, which disappeared posteriorly. The surgery was successfully completed, and the intraocular lens appeared stable without posterior capsular rent. An urgent computed tomography scan (CT scan) of orbit was arranged. It showed a round radio opaque foreign body near the lens at the lateral aspect of the left intraocular lens (IOL), measuring approximately 0.3cm. The patient underwent foreign body removal using an intraocular magnet by a vitreoretinal surgeon two days after the phacoemulsification surgery. The patient had an uneventful recovery with a vision of 6/60 pinhole 6/6 at six weeks post operatively. Conclusion: Surgical instrument’s tip fracture is a known complication during phacoemulsification; however, it was under-reported among surgeons. Careful inspection of all instruments before introducing them to the eye is mandatory, and early identification of this condition during surgery may avoid major complications.

This study aimed to determine the effect of different packaging materials on physicochemical properties and anthocyanins content of red cabbage-roselle blended drink during 6-month storage. The pasteurised blended drink was hot-filled into three different packaging materials: glass bottle, beverage can, and polypropylene (PP) bottle, then stored in a dark place at ambient temperature (29 ± 2 °C). Packaging materials and storage time were found to affect physicochemical properties significantly and anthocyanins content of red cabbage-roselle blended drink packed in a glass bottle, can, and PP bottle during storage. Results show that pH, total soluble solids, colour L* (lightness), and b* (yellowness) of red cabbage-roselle blended drink increase significantly (p<0.05) during storage at the ambient temperature, whereas titratable acidity, colour a* (redness) and total anthocyanins content decrease significantly irrespective to packaging materials used. Blended drink packed in glass bottles significantly (p<0.05) has the highest red colour retention and anthocyanins content, followed by blended drink stored in cans and PP bottles. Hence, glass bottles should be preferred as the most appropriate packaging material to store the blended drink, followed by cans and PP bottles as glass bottles provide better anthocyanins stability for a red cabbage-roselle blended drink.

Salvadora persica is widely used in dental field to improve dental health and promote dental hygiene. Although sodium hypochlorite is highly recommended and regarded as the most effective irrigant in root canal treatment to eliminate bacteria, it can cause harm to patients manifested by severe pain, rapid swelling and also obstruct breathing airway. However, it is believed that the chemical composition of Salvadora persica helps to treat and act as an antibacterial agent in root canal therapy. This study aims to obtain the crude compound from Salvadora persica by using the freeze drying method and to compare the antibacterial activity of the Salvadora persica and sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis in aerobic condition. Antibacterial activity results showed that 150 mg/ml of Salvadora persica give comparable effect with sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis. It is believed that 60% of alcoholic Salvadora persica extraction is an effective antimicrobial agent to be utilized as an irrigant in root canal treatment.

The consumption of medicine is typical in geriatrics, having many problems related to medications. Geriatrics often forget to take their medicine, and this problem can be overcome by using an automatic reminder system. In this study, an automated reminder system is developed as an improved community element, acting as a system that can help geriatric in taking their medicine on time, thus, boosting their health condition. This reminder system also includes an interaction between the geriatrics and their caretakers. This reminder system includes Arduino UNO as the microcontroller, with the notification system, Blynk Application, a buzzer, and a light-emitting diode (LED) system. To make this reminder system more versatile, the buzzer will alarm during the medicine intake time, giving information to the elderly on which medicine to take. When the time has reached to take medication, the buzzer will produce a sound. Suppose the medicine box opens after the buzzer's sound and is detected by the passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor). In that case, the caretaker will receive a notification through the Blynk application that the geriatric already took medicine. On the contrary, if the medicine box is not open after 3 minutes following the buzzer's sound, which indicates that the geriatric did not take their medicine, the system will not send a notification to their caretakers on the status. This prototype is tested on ten users for its accuracy and effectiveness. It is believed that this system can provide geriatrics more alert in taking their medicine on time, enhancing their health status.

Long COVID-19 is a constellation of symptoms following a confirmed COVID-19 acute infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection does not only give rise to respiratory problems but also other non-respiratory conditions. The symptoms and duration may vary among the patients and its treatment is based on the clinical presentation. Long COVID-19 among mildly infected patients was scarcely studied and reported, therefore we present a previously healthy, stage 2 COVID-19 patient who experiences prolonged symptoms of cough, chest pain, including anxiety and limited physical activities months after the first COVID-19 symptoms.

E-bidding has gained popularity in the modern world due to the technology advancement. Despite its popularity, contracting parties are exposed to Shariah non-compliance practices, which may lead to financial losses and disputes. Islamic jurisprudence provides guidelines assisting bidders and auctioneers in avoiding these practices. This study examines e-bidding platforms in Malaysia and highlights potential Shariah non-compliance issues based on Islamic jurisprudence guidelines. This study employs a qualitative data analysis method. Data are collected from the e-bidding platforms and their published documents. The findings revealed several practices that might lead to Shariah non-compliance issues in e-bidding platforms, including unverified bidders, elements of uncertainty, riba, gambling, and unavailability of khiyar (option). This study suggests several improvements to enhance procedures of e-bidding platforms to avoid financial losses and disputes among contracting parties in e-bidding. Hence, the improvement like verification of bidders, fulfilment of requirement for trading ribawi item, avoidance of element of uncertainty and gambling activities, and offering khiyar to successful bidder are suggested.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the characteristics of servant leadership (SL) from Western and Islamic perspectives, and analyse those characteristics in Malaysian Daʿwah NGOs. Currently many Da’wah NGOs in Malaysia are said not to prioritize leadership characteristics in leading and serving the as well as the public interest. Characteristics are important to any organization, and they influence the way a leader leads its organization and staff by exercising specific leadership behaviour in response to a situation. Unlike other leadership styles that are organization-centric, this paper serves to explain the people or follower-centric characteristics of servant leadership through the combination of motivational approaches (MA) and voluntary actions (VA) in Malaysian Daʿwah NGOs – ABIM and IKRAM. The data from this qualitative research are collected from five main resources including media coverage, official reports, official websites, NGOs programs and public opinion. The data are analysed thematically based on the similarities and differences characteristics of SL between Western and Islamic perspectives. The findings revealed that servant leadership from Western and Islamic perspectives share some similar dimensions of characteristics in practice; however, Western SL characteristic does not draw attention to the religious perspective as underlined in Islam.

This article aims to analyze academics in higher education institutions satisfaction on communication and its differences based demographic backgrounds. The population for the study comprised academics from three public higher education institutions of Malaysia. Using a simple random sampling technique, the researchers drew a sample of 1078 from the estimated 2900 academics in the three participating universities. The findings indicated that the level of satisfaction in communication among academics was moderately high. The differences of communication satisfaction were also analyzed based on demographic differences of age, gender, and tenure. The findings of this study theoretically and practically contribute in terms of understanding the state of communication satisfaction of academics and its variation of demographic backgrounds.