Nations of continental dimensions and similar colonial origins, which also share a rich environmental diversity. This makes them two key players in humanity’s struggle to reduce the effects of climate change before reaching the point of no return.

Episode guests:

1 - Mundanara Bayles, co-founder and director of The BlackCard

2 - Andrew Gunstone, Deputy Vice-Chancellor for Reconciliation and Professor of Indigenous Studies at Federation University (Victoria, Australia)

3 - Oreme Marlus Ikpeng, agroecology technician, forestry engineering student at the Federal University of São Carlos, and member of the Steering Committee of the Xingu Seed Network

4 - Gerry Turpin, ethnobotanist and researcher at the Center for Indigenous Tropical Ethnobotany at the Australian Tropical Herbarium

5 - Vivian Fraga, senior coordinator in the Indigenous Peoples and Traditional Communities Division at the NGO Conservation International

6 - Laís Sarlo, geographer and coordinator of Geoinformation Science at the NGO Conservation International

7 - Guerancê Kayabi Panará (Cutia), researcher for the project Territorial Protection, Environmental Monitoring, and Sustainable Management of the Panará Indigenous Land and Surrounding Territories in the Xingu Conservation Units Corridor

8 - Sopoa Panará, chief and teacher in the village of Nonporon and researcher for the project Territorial Protection, Environmental Monitoring, and Sustainable Management of the Panará Indigenous Land and Surrounding Territories in the Xingu Conservation Units Corridor

9 - Patrick Nunn - Geologist, professor of geography at the University of the Sunshine Coast in Queensland, Australia, and writer

10 - Juarez Pezzuti, biologist and professor at the Federal University of Pará

***

“Voices from the South” team:

Editorial coordination: Luciana Julião

English narration: Melissa Garcia

Script: Luciana Julião, with assistance from Luciana Colodete

Research: Fernando Vives (Australia), Luciana Colodete, Luciana Julião, and Mariana Moreira (Brazil)

Fact-checking: Fernando Vives and Luciana Colodete

Editing, soundtrack, and mixing: Bruno Cysne

English version script: Gustavo Almeida

Voice-overs: Eleven Labs

Social media: Carolina Aleixo

Audiovisual: Paulo Mussoi and Carolina Aleixo

Visual identity: Laura Garcia

Consultant: Maria Ataide Malcher, Federal University of Pará

UFPA Team: Arlene Cantão Costa, Ana Teresa Lima Nascimento, Bismaike da Silva Santos, Victor Hugo Pinheiro dos Santos, Marcus Anderson Batista Leal, and Natália da Silva Maia de Almeida

Executive production: Daniel Stycer and Paulo Mussoi

This curious and frightening culinary analogy offers a taste of what you’ll find in the second episode of Voices of the South: a dive into the largest and least understood ecosystem on the planet—the oceans—to observe the problems that we, as humans, are causing there.

In “Coasts: Hot, Pale, and in Danger,” the ‘Voices from the South’ team talks with experts about two of the most talked-about environmental dilemmas facing the world’s oceans, which are occurring right here in Brazil and Australia: the warming and acidification of ocean waters leading to the bleaching of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, the world’s largest structure composed solely of living organisms; and the threat that the nearly unstoppable oil exploration off Brazil’s Equatorial Coast poses to the mangroves in the Amazon River estuary region, the longest and best-preserved mangrove belt on the planet.

"In 2016, after a fourteen-year hiatus, we had a massive bleaching event in Australia. More than half of the corals died during that extremely hot summer. That was the largest coral die-off we had ever seen on the Great Barrier Reef, and it was only surpassed by the one in 2024. And when that interval is so short, there’s no chance for a decent recovery,” Terry Hughes, director of the Australian Research Council’s Center of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, explained to our team. Known as the “coral sentinel,” Terry is the world’s leading expert on the Great Barrier Reef.

In addition to him, we also spoke with Nils Asp, from Rio Grande do Sul, who doesn’t officially have that nickname, but could very well be called the “sentinel of the mangroves” in Brazil. He has lived and worked for 20 years in northern Pará, where he teaches at the state’s Federal University and is a member of the Foz do Amazonas Observatory, a network of over 100 researchers working in an interdisciplinary manner to understand and propose solutions to the region’s problems.

For the team at The Conversation, Nils gave a lecture on the risks of oil and gas exploration in the region, without overlooking the social, economic, and development factors that make this issue—whether or not to exploit fossil fuels in one of the most sensitive regions for the planet’s preservation—an even more complex dilemma.

***

In five episodes, “Voices from the South” presents the results of dozens of interviews with academics and custodians of the ancestral knowledge of the indigenous peoples in both countries regarding the science behind combating forest fires, the impacts of mining, the warming of ocean waters, and the influence of agriculture and livestock on global warming. The podcast also highlights examples of innovation that Brazil and Australia—where the power of the sun, wind, rivers, and waves abound—are developing in the field of renewable energy.

This is the essence of the adventure our team of journalists, led by Environment Editor Luciana Julião, undertook to produce “Voices from the South,” whose episodes 1, 2, and 3 you can listen to now.

“Voices from the South” is a co-production of The Conversation Brazil with the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), funded by the Council on Australia-Latin America Relations (COALAR) and with strategic consulting from The Conversation Media Group.

***

Voices of the South, Episode 2: “Coasts: Hot, Pale, and in Danger”

Episode guests:

1 - Terry Hughes, professor of Marine Biology at James Cook University (Queensland, Australia), former director of the Australian Research Council’s Center of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (2005–2020)

2 - Maicon Messias da Silva, biologist and scuba diving instructor

3 - Nils Asp, oceanographer and professor at the Federal University of Pará in Bragança (PA)

***

“Voices of the South” Team:

Editorial coordination and narration: Luciana Julião

Script: Luciana Julião, with assistance from Luciana Colodete

English narration: Melissa Garcia

English version script: Gustavo Almeida

Research: Fernando Vives (Australia), Luciana Colodete, Luciana Julião, and Mariana Moreira (Brazil)

Fact-checking: Fernando Vives and Luciana Colodete

Editing, soundtrack, and mixing: Bruno Cysne

Translations: Paulo Mussoi

Voice-overs: Eleven Labs

Social media: Carolina Aleixo

Audiovisual: Paulo Mussoi and Carolina Aleixo

Visual identity: Laura Garcia

Consultant: Maria Ataide Malcher, Federal University of Pará

UFPA Team: Arlene Cantão Costa, Ana Teresa Lima Nascimento, Bismaike da Silva Santos, Victor Hugo Pinheiro dos Santos, Marcus Anderson Batista Leal, and Natália da Silva Maia de Almeida

Executive production: Daniel Stycer and Paulo Mussoi

Nothing could be further from the truth.

Brazilian scientists now know that, far more than an immaculate forest, the Amazon is an immense garden, shaped over centuries by the hands of the peoples who lived there and managed the soil and seeds for the benefit of their cultures, yet with an ancestral mindset of respect, preservation, and integration with nature.

"Human presence helps the Amazon rainforest, because human management increases biodiversity, it does not decrease it. (...) The landscape we see in the forest today has been entirely managed. Even today, if you dig in some regions of the forest, you’ll find what we call ‘black Indian soil’: a distinct fertility, with remnants of a community that lived there for hundreds, thousands of years,” says anthropologist Flávio Barros, a professor at the Federal University of Pará.

Flávio is one of the interviewees in the third episode of the podcast Voices from the South: “Fire and Livestock: Challenges of Two Breadbaskets of the World.”

In this episode, we speak with Brazilian ecologists in Brazil and fire management experts in Australia to explore concepts that challenge conventional wisdom and demonstrate that human intervention can and should be beneficial to vast and fragile ecosystems. And history proves this, through research into the activities of Indigenous peoples —both in Brazil and Australia—and their millennia-old wisdom regarding seed manipulation, the use of fire, and many other silvicultural techniques through which they interacted with nature, learning to extract from it the fruits of their survival without affecting the functioning of the ecosystem in which they lived and, in many cases, learning to optimize its potential and exuberance.

Fire is, therefore, an important element that our team explored in both countries, showing how what is today a major villain against conservation was once—and can still be—a powerful tool for conservation and the development of techniques that do not destroy the forest and support a healthy extractive economy.

Keeping the great forests standing today is an even more crucial challenge, due to global warming and climate change. Along with the oceans, they are the major absorbers of the excess carbon produced by the economic activities of the globalized world. One of these sources, especially in Brazil and Australia, is livestock farming. That’s why, in this episode, our team also investigated what scientists in both countries are doing to minimize greenhouse gas emissions generated by their cattle herds, which are among the largest in the world. And we discovered how creativity and knowledge are being used to find nature-based solutions that are already beginning to mitigate this major problem.

Don’t miss all this and much more in the third episode of the “Vozes do Sul” podcast.

***

In five episodes, “Voices from the South” presents the results of dozens of interviews with academics and custodians of the ancestral knowledge of the indigenous peoples in both countries regarding the science behind combating forest fires, the impacts of mining, the warming of ocean waters, and the influence of agriculture and livestock on global warming. The podcast also highlights examples of innovation that Brazil and Australia—where the power of the sun, wind, rivers, and waves abound—are developing in the field of renewable energy.

This is the essence of the adventure our team of journalists, led by Environment Editor Luciana Julião, undertook to produce “Voices from the South”.

“Voices of the South” is a co-production of The Conversation Brazil with the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), funded by the Council on Australia Latin America Relations (COALAR) and with strategic consulting from The Conversation Media Group.

***

Voices from the South, Episode 3: “Fire and Livestock: Challenges for Two of the World’s Breadbaskets”

Episode guests:

1 - Flávio Barros, anthropologist and professor at the Federal University of Pará (UFPA)

2 - Juarez Pezzuti, biologist and professor at the Federal University of Pará (UFPA)

3 - Angela Pellin, researcher, Evaluation and Monitoring Advisor, and Project Coordinator at IPÊ – Institute for Ecological Research

4 - Tainan Kumaruara, president of the Women’s Association of the village of Muruary (Santarém, Pará) and coordinator of the Guardiões Kumaruara fire brigade

5 - Sarah Smith, community director of the Fire to Flourish program

6 - Michael Battaglia, leader of the “Mission to Net Zero” at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); Research Director and Board Director at FutureFeed ## “Voices of the South” Team:

***

“Voices of the South” Team

Editorial coordination and narration: Luciana Julião

Script: Luciana Julião, with assistance from Luciana Colodete

Research: Fernando Vives (Australia), Luciana Colodete, Luciana Julião, and Mariana Moreira (Brazil)

Fact-checking: Fernando Vives and Luciana Colodete

Editing, soundtrack, and mixing: Bruno Cysne

Translations: Paulo Mussoi

Voice-overs: Eleven Labs

Social media: Carolina Aleixo

Audiovisual: Paulo Mussoi and Carolina Aleixo

Visual identity: Laura Garcia

Scientific consulting: Maria Ataide Malcher, Federal University of Pará (UFPA)

UFPA Team: Arlene Cantão Costa, Ana Teresa Lima Nascimento, Bismaike da Silva Santos, Victor Hugo Pinheiro dos Santos, Marcus Anderson Batista Leal, and Natália da Silva Maia de Almeida

Executive Production: Daniel Stycer and Paulo Mussoi

Brazil also has vast reserves of niobium, rare earths, and graphite… Australia has lithium, nickel, and cobalt… And while they work to establish themselves in these new markets for minerals that are fundamental to the economy of the future, Brazil and Australia still have to strive to make traditional mining a less environmentally damaging activity.

Especially in Brazil—where the collapses of mining tailings dams in the mining towns of Mariana in 2015 and Brumadinho in 2019—left a trail of deaths, pollution, and deep public distrust of mining. Brumadinho is even considered the worst workplace accident in Brazil’s history and the second-largest industrial disaster of the century worldwide.

Even so, neither country can nor should even consider reducing its mining activities. Instead, they must invest in research and development to make operations as clean and safe as possible, balancing the generation of wealth that ensures economic and social growth with environmental preservation.

This observation—seemingly frustrating, especially for those who have witnessed accidents and live closely with the disruptions caused by mining—was a consensus reached by our team during the research for the episode “Mining: Inconvenient, but Essential,” the fourth in the “Voices from the South” series, which you can listen to now.

In this episode, we spoke with experts from both countries to understand the current state of mining development and what scientists are doing to restore land depleted by mining and reintegrate it into the environment—in some cases, through extractive activities once again, but grounded in principles of sustainability. Don’t miss this latest chapter of our scientific adventure through the two largest countries in the Southern Hemisphere, in the company of Luciana Julião and our producer in Australia, Fernando Vives.

***

In five episodes, “Voices of the South” presents the results of dozens of interviews with academics and custodians of the ancestral knowledge of the indigenous peoples in both countries regarding the science behind combating forest fires, the impacts of mining, the warming of ocean waters, and the influence of agriculture and livestock on global warming. The podcast also highlights examples of innovation that Brazil and Australia—where the power of the sun, wind, rivers, and waves abound—are developing in the field of renewable energy.

This is the essence of the adventure that our team of journalists, led by Environment Editor Luciana Julião, undertook to produce “Voices from the South,”.

“Voices from the South” is a co-production of The Conversation Brasil with the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), funded by the Council on Australia Latin America Relations (COALAR) and with strategic consulting from The Conversation Media Group.

***

Voices of the South, Episode 4: “Mining: Problematic, but essential”

Episode guests:

1 - Pedro Walfir, geologist and professor at the Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Pará

2 - Stuart Walsh, professor and deputy director of research at Monash University

3 - Sandra Moura, professor in the Department of Environmental Engineering at the Federal University of Ouro Preto and coordinator of the Apicrim project

4 - Elza Cunha Cabral, biologist, beekeeper, and participant in Apicrim

5 - Maria Elena Crespo-López, professor at the Federal University of Pará and one of the founders of the Amazon Mercury Institute

6 - Saimon Moraes Silva, director of the Biomedical and Environmental Sensors Technology Center (BEST) at La Trobe University (Melbourne, Australia)

7 - Angélica Andrade, Master of Philosophy from the Institute for Sustainable Mining at the University of Queensland

***

“Voices of the South” Team:

Editorial coordination and narration: Luciana Julião

Script: Luciana Julião, with assistance from Luciana Colodete

English narration: Melissa Garcia

English version script: Gustavo Almeida

Research: Fernando Vives (Australia), Luciana Colodete, Luciana Julião, and Mariana Moreira (Brazil)

Fact-checking: Fernando Vives and Luciana Colodete

Editing, soundtrack, and mixing: Bruno Cysne

Translations: Paulo Mussoi

Voice-overs: Eleven Labs

Social media: Carolina Aleixo

Audiovisual: Paulo Mussoi and Carolina Aleixo

Visual identity: Laura Garcia

Scientific consulting: Maria Ataide Malcher, Federal University of Pará (UFPA)

UFPA Team: Arlene Cantão Costa, Ana Teresa Lima Nascimento, Bismaike da Silva Santos, Victor Hugo Pinheiro dos Santos, Marcus Anderson Batista Leal, and Natália da Silva Maia de Almeida

Executive Production: Daniel Stycer and Paulo Mussoi

To do this, we return to the Amazon to discover how scientists are producing increasingly efficient—and economically viable—fuels from sources as diverse as oil extracted from the acai berry. Or from cyanobacteria and microalgae found in Amazonian rivers and lakes, which are already being used as raw material for aviation fuel, replacing highly polluting aviation kerosene.

We also revisited the Australian coast, this time to learn about energy generated and naturally replenished by ocean waves. Studies conducted by the Marine Energy Research Australia (MERA) center at the University of Western Australia show that harnessing the kinetic energy provided by waves can generate hundreds of gigawatts per year, enough to light up entire cities.

***

In five episodes, “Voices from the South” presents the results of dozens of interviews with academics and custodians of the ancestral knowledge of the indigenous peoples in both countries regarding the science behind combating forest fires, the impacts of mining, the warming of ocean waters, and the influence of agriculture and livestock on global warming. The podcast also highlights examples of innovation that Brazil and Australia—where the power of the sun, wind, rivers, and waves abound—are developing in the field of renewable energy.

This is the essence of the adventure that our team of journalists, led by Environment Editor Luciana Julião, undertook to produce “Voices from the South".

“Voices from the South” is a co-production of The Conversation Brasil with the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), funded by the Council on Australia Latin America Relations (COALAR) and with strategic consulting from The Conversation Media Group.

***

Voices from the South, Episode 5 “Future: Tomorrow’s Energy, Today”

Episode guests:

1 - Hilson Rabelo, artisan and owner of the company Fibras da Amazônia

2 - Luís Adriano Nascimento, professor at the Institute of Biological Sciences at the Federal University of Pará and deputy coordinator of the Amazon Oils Laboratory

3 - Gilberto Januzzi, professor of Energy Systems at the School of Mechanical Engineering at Unicamp and senior researcher at the Center for Energy Planning (NIPE)

4 - Hugh Wolgamot, senior researcher at the Marine Energy Research Australia (MERA) center at the University of Western Australia

***

“Voices of the South” Team:

Editorial coordination and narration: Luciana Julião

Script: Luciana Julião, with assistance from Luciana Colodete

English narration: Melissa Garcia

English version script: Gustavo Almeida

Research: Fernando Vives (Australia), Luciana Colodete, Luciana Julião, and Mariana Moreira (Brazil)

Fact-checking: Fernando Vives and Luciana Colodete

Editing, soundtrack, and mixing: Bruno Cysne

Translations: Paulo Mussoi

Voice-overs: Eleven Labs

Social media: Carolina Aleixo

Audiovisual: Paulo Mussoi and Carolina Aleixo

Visual identity: Laura Garcia

Scientific consulting: Maria Ataide Malcher, Federal University of Pará (UFPA)

UFPA Team: Arlene Cantão Costa, Ana Teresa Lima Nascimento, Bismaike da Silva Santos, Victor Hugo Pinheiro dos Santos, Marcus Anderson Batista Leal, and Natália da Silva Maia de Almeida

Executive Production: Daniel Stycer and Paulo Mussoi